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        <FILEDESC>
            <TITLESTMT>
                <DOCTITLE>Frances Herring</DOCTITLE>
                <DOCAUTHOR>Daryn Wright</DOCAUTHOR>
                <DOCAUTHOR>Linnea McNally</DOCAUTHOR>
            </TITLESTMT>
            <PUBLICATIONSTMT>
                <AUTHORITY>Canada's Early Women Writers</AUTHORITY>
                <AUTHORITY>Canadian Writing Research Collaboratory</AUTHORITY>
            </PUBLICATIONSTMT>
            <SOURCEDESC>Born digital object, initially housed by the Simon Fraser University library</SOURCEDESC>
        </FILEDESC>
        <PROFILEDESC>
            <LANGUSAGE>
                <LANG IDENT="eng">English</LANG>
            </LANGUSAGE>
            <TEXTCLASS>
                <KEYWORDS>
                    <TERM>Born digital</TERM>
                    <TERM>Life writing</TERM>
                    <TERM>Biography</TERM>
                    <TERM>Bibliography</TERM>
                </KEYWORDS>
            </TEXTCLASS>
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        <REVISIONDESC>
            <WORKFLOW RESP="MRB" WORKCATEGORY="created" WORKSTATUS="C">
                <DATE/>
                <ITEM/>
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    <ENTRY><FRONT>
        <HEADING SUBTYPE="1"><NAME STANDARD="FRANCES HERRING" REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/cwrc:e767c90b-1b2d-473e-a08d-78ef5c149adf">Frances E. Herring</NAME> (1851-1916)</HEADING>
        <DATASTRUCT>
            <DATAITEM>
                <FIGURE>
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            <DATAITEM>Photo by Cobb's Doré Gallery, San Francisco, CA. Image courtesy of Patricia Wilson Seipp, great-granddaughter of the author.</DATAITEM>
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    </FRONT>
        <AUTHORSUMMARY>
           <P>Frances Elizabeth Herring moved from England to New Westminster, BC, where she became a journalist and novelist.</P>
        </AUTHORSUMMARY>
        <BIRTH>
            <CHRONSTRUCT><DATE VALUE="1851-12-23">23 December 1851, </DATE><CHRONPROSE><PLACE>King's Lynn, Worfolk, England</PLACE></CHRONPROSE></CHRONSTRUCT>
        </BIRTH>
        <DEATH>
            <CHRONSTRUCT><DATE VALUE="1916-11-16">16 November 1916, </DATE><CHRONPROSE><PLACE>New Westminster, BC</PLACE></CHRONPROSE></CHRONSTRUCT>
        </DEATH>
        <PERSONNAME>
            <HEADING SUBTYPE="5">Name at birth: </HEADING>
            <DATASTRUCT>
                <DATAITEM><BIRTHNAME><GIVEN>Frances Elizabeth</GIVEN> <SURNAME>Herring</SURNAME></BIRTHNAME></DATAITEM>
            </DATASTRUCT>
        </PERSONNAME>
        <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Note</HEADING>
        <FRONT>
           <P>This author's life has been researched earlier for inclusion in the <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC"><XREF URL="http://digital.lib.sfu.ca/ceww-collection" RESP="KME">Canada's Early Women Writers</XREF></TITLE> project at Simon Fraser University. Information in this entry therefore may not be comprehensive, but has been verified.</P>
           <P>Entry revised by Daryn Wright and Linnea McNally</P>
        </FRONT>
        <AUTHORSUMMARY>
            <HEADING SUBTYPE="2"><NAME STANDARD="FRANCES HERRING">Frances E. Herring</NAME> (1851-1916)</HEADING>
           <P>Frances Elizabeth Herring was born in King's Lynn, Worfolk, England, to John Jonathan Herring (1815-1855) and Harriet Clarke (b. c1821). She was educated in Reading, Berkshire, England, where she later taught briefly. Believing that a prosperous future would be found in the colonies, and reportedly due also to family conflict, Frances left England for Canada in 1874 and settled in British Columbia.<BIBCITS><BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:a6b310c3-a6f5-4615-9497-46776737b8b0"/></BIBCITS></P>
           <P>Soon after her arrival, she married her cousin, Arthur May Herring (1851-1941), who had come to North America as a child. Their wedding took place on 27 December 1874 in New Westminster, BC. The couple lived in Langley, BC, where a town had been established around the old Hudson's Bay fort. Frances was certified as a teacher by British Columbia's Board of Education in July 1875, and was appointed as a teacher at the Langley school in March 1876. According to a school superintendent there, she was "one of our best teachers." During her time teaching in Langley, Frances presented "controversial and explicitly political" papers at the British Columbia Teachers' Convention.<BIBCITS><BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:a6b310c3-a6f5-4615-9497-46776737b8b0"/></BIBCITS></P>
           <P>Frances left Langley in 1878 and relocated to New Westminster, where Arthur had established a wholesale and retail drug business. During the 1880s, Frances spent much of her time devoted to child rearing and domestic chores. She gave birth to eight children, although only three boys and one girl lived to adulthood. During the last decade of the nineteenth century, Frances became more involved in journalism, and in 1892 became the editor of the column <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">Home Circle</TITLE> for the <TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">British Columbia Commonwealth</TITLE>, which focused on recipes, household hints, and inspirational stories for career women, wives, and mothers. She became the British Columbia correspondent for the <TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Toronto Globe</TITLE> while John Stephen Willison (1856-1927) was editor. She also continued her work in philanthropy and community politics, which had begun years earlier. Frances served as President of the Royal Columbian Hospital Women's Auxiliary and was a member of the National Council of Women of Canada. During 1909 and 1910, she was the Secretary-Treasurer of the Literature Committee of the New Westminster branch of the Woman's Auxiliary to the Missionary Society of the Church of England in Canada, an organization that distributed religious material throughout the province.</P>
           <P>In addition to her journalistic and philanthropic work, Frances wrote fiction, often influenced by her immigrant experience, proto-feminist attitudes, and the racism prevalent during the turn of the century. She published her own short stories in her column at the <TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">British Columbian Commonwealth</TITLE>, which were later published in national magazines. She also wrote six novels, five of which were set in British Columbia. Her works often deal with the experience of white women in the context of immigration, including settlement and relationships with Indigenous peoples, and were successful at the time. Both <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC" REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:097a18a6-973c-45c9-acc9-a7ee4efc7ac4">Among the People of British Columbia</TITLE> (1903) and <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC" REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:02711eee-c277-407e-b737-73d2a33aa22d">In the Pathless West with Soldiers, Pioneers, Miners, and Savages</TITLE> (1904) went into second printings. Many of her narratives combined the names and occurrences of real people with fictional stories, leading some to suggest an autobiographical element.<BIBCITS><BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:b9adb13b-27b4-413e-8adb-4f311a25ff68"><XREF RESP="KME" URL="http://franceselizabethherring.wordpress.com/"/></BIBCIT></BIBCITS></P>
           <P>Frances continued to write until shortly before her death from diabetes on 16 November 1916. For a more detailed biography, see her entry in the <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC"><XREF URL="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/herring_frances_elizabeth_14E.html" RESP="KME">Dictionary of Canadian Biography</XREF></TITLE>.</P>
        </AUTHORSUMMARY>
        <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Published Texts</HEADING>
        <HEADING SUBTYPE="3">Fiction</HEADING>
        <LISTBIBCIT>
            <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:9749c964-376e-44af-9cdd-076bf839de0c"><XREF URL="http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.05560/7?r=0&amp;s=1"><TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Canadian Camp Life</TITLE></XREF> (London: Fisher Unwin, 1900)</BIBCIT>
        <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:097a18a6-973c-45c9-acc9-a7ee4efc7ac4"><XREF URL="https://archive.org/details/amongpeoplebrit00herrgoog"><TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Among the People of British Columbia: Red, White, Yellow, and Brown</TITLE></XREF> (London: Fisher Unwin, 1903)</BIBCIT>
        <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:02711eee-c277-407e-b737-73d2a33aa22d"><XREF URL="https://archive.org/details/cihm_85381"><TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">In the Pathless West With Soldiers, Pioneers, Miners, and Savages</TITLE></XREF> (London: Fisher Unwin, 1904)</BIBCIT>
        <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:eb64cdfb-0ee1-4b24-9cdc-8f020665ee4c"><XREF URL="https://archive.org/details/cihm_75700"><TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Ena</TITLE></XREF> (London: Griffiths, 1913)</BIBCIT>
       <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:islandora:f040cf2e-98f8-43db-8956-bb6d2e74c487"><TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Nan and Other Pioneer Women of the West</TITLE> (London: Griffiths, 1913)</BIBCIT>
        <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:74ee1921-b2a5-4e64-a939-e04f32226db4"><XREF URL="https://archive.org/details/cihm_75702"><TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">The Gold Miners: A Sequel to "The Pathless West"</TITLE></XREF> (London: Griffiths, 1914)</BIBCIT>
        </LISTBIBCIT>
        <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Periodical Contributions</HEADING>
        <LISTBIBCIT>
            <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">British Columbia Commonwealth</TITLE> (New Westminster, BC)</BIBCIT>
            <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Canadian Magazine</TITLE> (Toronto)</BIBCIT>
            <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Toronto Globe</TITLE></BIBCIT>
        </LISTBIBCIT>
        <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Family and Relationships</HEADING>
        <FAMILY>
            <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="FATHER">
                <CHRONSTRUCT><CHRONPROSE>Father: <NAME>John Jonathan Herring</NAME></CHRONPROSE> <DATERANGE FROM="1815" TO="1855-05-18">(1815 – 18 May 1855)</DATERANGE></CHRONSTRUCT>
               <P>John Jonathan Herring was born to Jonathan Herring and Frances Howlett. He worked as a merchant and married Harriet Clarke (b. c1821). They had five children together. He died on 18 May 1855.<BIBCITS><BIBCIT><XREF RESP="KME" URL="http://franceselizabethherring.wordpress.com/"/></BIBCIT></BIBCITS></P>
            </FAMILYMEMBER>
            <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="MOTHER">
                <CHRONSTRUCT><CHRONPROSE>Mother: <NAME>Harriet Clarke</NAME></CHRONPROSE> <DATE CERTAINTY="C" VALUE="1821">(b. c1821)</DATE></CHRONSTRUCT>
               <P>Harriet Clarke was born in King's Lynn, Worfolk, England, to George Clarke (1792-1877) and Elizabeth Ward (1793-1888), a prominent local family. She married John Jonathan Herring (1815-1855), and they had five children together.<BIBCITS><BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:721ab6f9-d214-4e19-aa72-398ee0136874"/><BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:c3e55c14-a57d-436f-98a6-97fcfb7004b9"/></BIBCITS></P>
            </FAMILYMEMBER>
            <HEADING SUBTYPE="4">Siblings</HEADING>
            <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="BROTHER">
                <CHRONSTRUCT><CHRONPROSE><NAME>John Jonathan Herring</NAME></CHRONPROSE> <DATE CERTAINTY="C" VALUE="1951">(b. c1851): m. Mary E. C. Herring</DATE></CHRONSTRUCT>
            </FAMILYMEMBER>
            <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="BROTHER">
                <CHRONSTRUCT><CHRONPROSE><NAME>James Paul Howell Herring</NAME></CHRONPROSE> <DATERANGE FROM="1852" TO="1891" CERTAINTY="C">(c1852 –c1891)</DATERANGE></CHRONSTRUCT>
            </FAMILYMEMBER>
            <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="SISTER">
                <CHRONSTRUCT><CHRONPROSE><NAME>Harriet Hapzibah Herring</NAME></CHRONPROSE> <DATE CERTAINTY="C" VALUE="1854">(b. c1854)</DATE></CHRONSTRUCT>
            </FAMILYMEMBER>
            <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="SISTER">
                <CHRONSTRUCT><CHRONPROSE><NAME>Jane Howell Herring</NAME></CHRONPROSE> <DATE VALUE="1855-03-28">(b. 28 March 1855)</DATE></CHRONSTRUCT>
            </FAMILYMEMBER>
            <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="HUSBAND">
                <CHRONSTRUCT><CHRONPROSE>Spouse: <NAME>Arthur May Herring</NAME></CHRONPROSE> <DATERANGE FROM="1851-05-02" TO="1941-05-29">(2 May 1851 – 29 May 1941)</DATERANGE></CHRONSTRUCT>
                <HEADING SUBTYPE="5">Marriage: </HEADING>
                <CHRONSTRUCT><DATE VALUE="1874-12-27">27 December 1874, </DATE><CHRONPROSE><PLACE>New Westminster, BC</PLACE></CHRONPROSE></CHRONSTRUCT>
               <P>Arthur May Herring was born on 2 May 1851 in Corfu, Greece, to George Herring (d. 1852) and Elizabeth Hill (1824-1859). He came to North America as a young child and studied at Heald College in San Francisco, CA. On 27 December 1874, he married his cousin, Frances Elizabeth Herring (1851-1916), who had recently immigrated to Canada. Arthur and Frances had eight children together, although only three sons and one daughter lived to adulthood.</P>
               <P>In 1877, Arthur established a wholesale and retail drug business in New Westminster, BC. He served as a city council member of New Westminster for fifteen years. He died on 29 May 1941.<BIBCITS><BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:fd2747a8-e654-46fd-abe0-e3f5c10dede6"/><BIBCIT><XREF RESP="KME" URL="http://franceselizabethherring.wordpress.com/"/></BIBCIT><BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:a6b310c3-a6f5-4615-9497-46776737b8b0"/></BIBCITS></P>
            </FAMILYMEMBER>
            <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="SON">
                <HEADING SUBTYPE="4">Children</HEADING>
                <CHRONSTRUCT><CHRONPROSE><NAME>Arthur Francis Charles Herring</NAME></CHRONPROSE> <DATE VALUE="1875-10-29">(b. 29 October 1875): m. Emily Margaret McGuire</DATE></CHRONSTRUCT>
            </FAMILYMEMBER>
            <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="SON">
                <CHRONSTRUCT><CHRONPROSE><NAME>George Edward May Herring</NAME></CHRONPROSE> <DATERANGE FROM="1877-05-11" TO="1888-09-10">(11 May 1877 – 10 September 1888)</DATERANGE></CHRONSTRUCT>
            </FAMILYMEMBER>
            <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="SON">
                <CHRONSTRUCT><CHRONPROSE><NAME>John Victor Paul Herring</NAME></CHRONPROSE> <DATERANGE FROM="1878-11-11" TO="1950-09-13">(11 November 1878 – 13 September 1950): m. Dora Jane</DATERANGE></CHRONSTRUCT>
            </FAMILYMEMBER>
            <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="SON">
                <CHRONSTRUCT><CHRONPROSE><NAME>Henry William Stanley Herring</NAME></CHRONPROSE> <DATERANGE FROM="1881-04-17" TO="1881-10-16">(17 April 1881 – 16 October 1881)</DATERANGE></CHRONSTRUCT>
            </FAMILYMEMBER>
            <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="SON">
                <CHRONSTRUCT><CHRONPROSE><NAME>Ernest Adam W. Herring</NAME></CHRONPROSE> <DATERANGE FROM="1882-07-17" TO="1882-12-23">(17 July 1882 – 23 December 1882)</DATERANGE></CHRONSTRUCT>
            </FAMILYMEMBER>
            <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="SON">
                <CHRONSTRUCT><CHRONPROSE><NAME>Alexander May Herring</NAME></CHRONPROSE> <DATERANGE FROM="1884-12-13" TO="1885-03-09">(13 December 1884 – 9 March 1885)</DATERANGE></CHRONSTRUCT>
            </FAMILYMEMBER>
            <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="DAUGHTER">
                <CHRONSTRUCT><CHRONPROSE><NAME>Harriet Frances Mabel Herring</NAME></CHRONPROSE> <DATERANGE FROM="1887-11-11" TO="1972-11-17">(11 November 1887 – 17 November 1972): m. George Thomas Wilson</DATERANGE></CHRONSTRUCT>
            </FAMILYMEMBER>
            <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="SON">
                <CHRONSTRUCT><CHRONPROSE><NAME>Phillip Sydney Herring</NAME></CHRONPROSE> <DATERANGE FROM="1891-11-22" TO="1966-03-15">(22 November 1891 – 15 March 1966): m. Sarah Anne Tidy (1895-1956)</DATERANGE></CHRONSTRUCT>
            </FAMILYMEMBER>
        </FAMILY>
        <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Religion</HEADING>
        <CULTURALFORMATION>
            <RELIGION>
                <DENOMINATION>Protestant</DENOMINATION>
            </RELIGION>
        </CULTURALFORMATION>
        <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Residences</HEADING>
        <RESIDENCEANDMOBILITY RELATIONTO="LIVED">
           <P><PLACE>King's Lyn, Worfolk, England</PLACE> <DATE VALUE="1851">(1851)</DATE></P>
           <P><PLACE>Langley, BC</PLACE> <DATERANGE FROM="1874" TO="1878">(1874-1878)</DATERANGE></P>
           <P><PLACE>New Westminster, BC</PLACE> <DATERANGE FROM="1878" TO="1916">(</DATERANGE><DATE VALUE="1874">1874, </DATE> <DATERANGE FROM="1878" TO="1916">1878-1916)</DATERANGE></P>
           <P><PLACE>Reading, England</PLACE></P>
        </RESIDENCEANDMOBILITY>
        <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Education</HEADING>
        <EDUCATION MODE="INSTITUTIONAL">
           <P>Teaching certification</P>
        </EDUCATION>
        <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Awards</HEADING>
        <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Employment and Volunteer Activities</HEADING>
        <OCCUPATION>
            <HEADING SUBTYPE="3">Employment</HEADING>
           <P>Schoolteacher</P>
           <P>British Columbian correspondent, <TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Toronto Globe</TITLE></P>
            <HEADING SUBTYPE="3">Unpaid and volunteer work</HEADING>
           <P>President, Royal Columbian Hospital Women's Auxiliary</P>
           <P>Secretary-treasurer, Literature Committee of the New Westminster Branch of the Woman's Auxiliary to the Missionary Society of the Church of England in Canada (<DATERANGE FROM="1909" TO="1910">1909-1910</DATERANGE>)</P>
            <HEADING SUBTYPE="3">Memberships</HEADING>
           <P>National Council of Women of Canada</P>
           <P>Royal Columbian Hospital Women's Auxiliary</P>
        </OCCUPATION>
        <OTHERLIFEEVENT>
            <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Tangential Information</HEADING>
           <P>Numerous resources incorrectly give Frances's maiden name as Clarke, her mother's maiden name. Some records also suggest her actual birth date was 23 December 1846, although these records are contradictory, and it is unclear which is the true date of birth.</P>
        </OTHERLIFEEVENT>
        <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Archival Holdings</HEADING>
        <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Published Resources</HEADING>
        <LISTBIBCIT>
            <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:721ab6f9-d214-4e19-aa72-398ee0136874">1841 England Census.</BIBCIT>
        <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:c3e55c14-a57d-436f-98a6-97fcfb7004b9">1851 England Census.</BIBCIT>
        <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:61cc1681-f2e5-4e01-a1c1-c438841437f0">1871 England Census.</BIBCIT>
        <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:fd2747a8-e654-46fd-abe0-e3f5c10dede6">1901 Census of Canada.</BIBCIT>
        <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:bfb164b0-0b41-476e-a4b2-747dbc43d0e1"><TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">British Columbia from the Earliest Times to the Present, Volume IV</TITLE> (Vancouver, BC: Clarke, 1914).</BIBCIT>
        <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:1d5de1d4-87c5-4170-959e-ee0c28cdfc21">British Columbia, Canada, Death Index, 1872-1990.</BIBCIT>
        <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:f6dc0907-e5ed-4aed-8537-496e3ba00211">British Columbia, Canada, Marriage Index, 1872-1935.</BIBCIT>
        <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:b9adb13b-27b4-413e-8adb-4f311a25ff68">Leivo, Maija, and Ian Herring. <XREF URL="http://franceselizabethherring.wordpress.com/" RESP="KME"><TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Frances Elizabeth Herring and Family.</TITLE></XREF> Web. 5 August 2016.</BIBCIT>
        <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:1a17c68c-eac3-4061-a4c8-fc8d0c0d3b57">Matthews, William. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Canadian Diaries and Autobiographies</TITLE> (Berkeley, CA: U of California P, 1950).</BIBCIT>
        <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:a6b310c3-a6f5-4615-9497-46776737b8b0">Perry, Adele. <XREF URL="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio.php?id-nbr=7441" RESP="KME"><TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">Herring, Frances Elizabeth.</TITLE></XREF> <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Dictionary of Canadian Biography.</TITLE> Web. 5 August 2016.</BIBCIT>
        </LISTBIBCIT>
    </ENTRY>
</CWRC>
