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            <TITLESTMT>
                <DOCTITLE>Ethel O'Neil McKenzie</DOCTITLE>
                <DOCAUTHOR>Canada's Early Women Writers</DOCAUTHOR>
                <DOCAUTHOR>Linnea McNally</DOCAUTHOR>
            </TITLESTMT>
            <PUBLICATIONSTMT>
                <AUTHORITY>Canada's Early Women Writers</AUTHORITY>
                <AUTHORITY>Canadian Writing Research Collaboratory</AUTHORITY>
            </PUBLICATIONSTMT>
            <SOURCEDESC>Born digital object, initially housed by the Simon Fraser University library</SOURCEDESC>
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            <LANGUSAGE>
                <LANG IDENT="eng">English</LANG>
            </LANGUSAGE>
            <TEXTCLASS>
                <KEYWORDS>
                    <TERM>Born digital</TERM>
                    <TERM>Life writing</TERM>
                    <TERM>Biography</TERM>
                    <TERM>Bibliography</TERM>
                </KEYWORDS>
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    <ENTRY><FRONT>
        <HEADING SUBTYPE="1"><NAME STANDARD="ETHEL O'NEIL MCKENZIE" REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/cwrc:dfce546a-b202-4a14-9bdf-536076c2277a">Ethel O'Neil McKenzie</NAME> (1878-1952)</HEADING>
        <DATASTRUCT><DATAITEM><FIGURE><GRAPHIC URL="http://commons.cwrc.ca/cwrc:1acfc2df-fcaa-448b-b309-b14224c16fb5/datastream/OBJ/view"/></FIGURE></DATAITEM><DATAITEM>Image from Elizabeth J. Marshall and Harriet B. Cooper, eds., <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Who’s Who and What They Do</TITLE> (Philadelphia, PA: National League of American Pen Women, 1930).</DATAITEM></DATASTRUCT></FRONT>
        <AUTHORSUMMARY>
           <P>A professional musician, Ethel O’Neil McKenzie published one volume of poetry.</P>
        </AUTHORSUMMARY>
        <BIRTH>
            <CHRONSTRUCT><DATE VALUE="1878-08-21">21 August 1878, </DATE><CHRONPROSE><PLACE>Hamilton, ON</PLACE> </CHRONPROSE> </CHRONSTRUCT>
        </BIRTH>
        <DEATH>
            <CHRONSTRUCT><DATE VALUE="1952-11-21">21 November 1952, </DATE><CHRONPROSE><PLACE>Philadelphia, PA</PLACE> </CHRONPROSE> </CHRONSTRUCT>
        </DEATH>
        <PERSONNAME>
            <HEADING SUBTYPE="5">Name at birth: </HEADING>
            <DATASTRUCT>
                <DATAITEM><BIRTHNAME><GIVEN>Ethel</GIVEN> <SURNAME>O'Neil</SURNAME> </BIRTHNAME> </DATAITEM>
            </DATASTRUCT>
        </PERSONNAME>
        <FRONT>
           <P/>
           <P>Entry revised by Linnea McNally</P>
        </FRONT>
        <AUTHORSUMMARY>
            <HEADING SUBTYPE="2"><NAME STANDARD="ETHEL O'NEIL MCKENZIE">Ethel O'Neil McKenzie</NAME> (1878-1952)</HEADING>
           <P>Ethel O'Neil was born in 1878 in Hamilton, ON, to journalist John O’Neil (1848-1928) and Hannah MacGowan (c1855-1894). Following her education at the Hamilton Collegiate Institute and the Hamilton Conservatory, Ethel advanced to the Virgil School of Music in New York where she was invited to join the faculty. After her 1903 debut as a pianist, she was appointed to the Chair of Music at Science Hill in Kentucky, which she occupied until 1907 when she went to Berlin to study with <NAME>Ferruccio Busoni</NAME> (1866-1924). At her wedding at Dublin Castle’s Chapel Royal that same year, Ethel was given away by the former Governor General of Canada, Lord Aberdeen, marking a social ascent due largely to her virtuosity as a pianist. Her marriage to physician and sculptor Robert Tait McKenzie (1867-1938) ended her formal musical career, but as a leading hostess in Philadelphia she was a frequent performer in her own home.</P>
           <P>Prior to the First World War, the childless McKenzies frequently vacationed in Europe and attended several Olympic games. During the war, the couple resided in England, where Tait worked in the  rehabilitation of soldiers with the Royal Army Medical Corps, and Ethel served in the Red Cross. As Tait's fame as a sculptor gained international stature, he gave up his position as professor of physical education and the couple spent much of their time in Europe. Ethel wrote her first poem to accompany one of her husband's pieces on a Christmas card, followed by <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Secret Snow</TITLE> (1932), her only volume of verse.</P>
           <P>During the 1930s the McKenzies converted an old mill in Tait's home town, Almonte, ON, into a magnificent summer home. After being widowed in 1938, Ethel frequently recited her poetry and lectured on ancient musical instruments to the various societies she belonged to, including the Poetry Society of America, the National League of American Pen Women, and the Art Alliance. Ethel died of breast cancer in Philadelphia in 1952 and was buried in Saint Peter’s Episcopal Churchyard.</P>
        </AUTHORSUMMARY>
        <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Published Texts</HEADING>
        <HEADING SUBTYPE="3">Poetry</HEADING>
        <LISTBIBCIT><BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:bce14e94-907e-40bb-9c24-906212570aae"><TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Secret Snow</TITLE> (Philadelphia, PA: Swain, 1932)</BIBCIT>
        </LISTBIBCIT>
        <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Other Artistic Productions</HEADING>
        <HEADING SUBTYPE="3">Music</HEADING>
        <OTHERLIFEEVENT>
           <P>Music (piano)</P>
        </OTHERLIFEEVENT>
        <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Family and Relationships</HEADING>
        <FAMILY>
            <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="FATHER">
                <CHRONSTRUCT><CHRONPROSE>Father: <NAME>John Hamilton O'Neil</NAME></CHRONPROSE>
                    <DATERANGE FROM="1848-07-30" TO="1928-12-30">(30 July 1848 – 30 December 1928)</DATERANGE>
                </CHRONSTRUCT>
               <P>John Hamilton O’Neil was born in 1848 in Hamilton, ON, to Irish immigrants John O’Neil (1806-1857) and Rosanna Leadman (1823-1889). John was a journalist on staff with the <TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">New York Times</TITLE> in his youth. Married to Hannah MacGowan (c1855-1894) some time before 1875, he appears on the 1875 New York census as a compositor. In 1881, the O’Neil family were again in Hamilton, where John worked as a printer. He was foreman of the Hamilton <TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Spectator</TITLE> in the late 1880s. According to biographical descriptions of his daughter, he was active in the development of Canadian journalism.<BIBCITS><BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:15f27dd3-71e2-44c8-804e-f8e1fb758195"/></BIBCITS></P>
               <P>After Hannah’s death, John married his neighbour, Mary Elizabeth (“Lizzy”) Breen Livernois. John died in 1928 in Hamilton.<BIBCITS><BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:598f5bba-3e97-4c7c-bf1d-91a2a3ab9097"/><BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:b87ed8a0-3329-4a4f-9ca4-7c519be7e90f"/><BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:11c5025a-1613-48c6-87b5-48f55ac760a4"/><BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:8974937c-a2c3-432f-bbe4-a79e1a6a2d44"/></BIBCITS></P>
            </FAMILYMEMBER>
            <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="MOTHER">
                <CHRONSTRUCT><CHRONPROSE>Mother: <NAME>Hannah E MacGowan</NAME></CHRONPROSE>
                    <DATERANGE FROM="1855" TO="1894-06-06" CERTAINTY="C" EXACT="TO">(c1855 – 6 June 1894)</DATERANGE>
                </CHRONSTRUCT>
               <P>Hannah MacGowan, sometimes spelled “McGowan,” was born in about 1855 in New York, to Irish immigrants Patrick MacGowan (b. c1830) and Elizabeth (b. c1830). She married John O’Neil (1848-1928) some time before 1875. The couple stayed in Brooklyn until the late 1870s, when they returned to his hometown, Hamilton, ON. A day after delivering her eighth child, Hannah died of “puerperal albuminuria,” a painful condition resulting from childbirth complications.<BIBCITS><BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:37123691-0dd4-45d3-861a-c1446e7220fe"/><BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:598f5bba-3e97-4c7c-bf1d-91a2a3ab9097"/><BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:11c5025a-1613-48c6-87b5-48f55ac760a4"/></BIBCITS></P>
            </FAMILYMEMBER>
            <HEADING SUBTYPE="4">Siblings</HEADING>
            <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="BROTHER">
                <CHRONSTRUCT><CHRONPROSE><NAME>John H. O’Neil</NAME> </CHRONPROSE><DATERANGE FROM="1875" TO="1891" CERTAINTY="AFTER" EXACT="FROM">(1875 – after 1891)</DATERANGE></CHRONSTRUCT>
               <P>John was born in New York.</P>
            </FAMILYMEMBER>
            <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="BROTHER">
                <CHRONSTRUCT><CHRONPROSE><NAME>Charles Martin O’Neil</NAME> </CHRONPROSE><DATERANGE FROM="1880-12-23" TO="1888-11-06">(23 December 1880 – 6 November 1888)</DATERANGE></CHRONSTRUCT>
               <P>Charles died of diphtheria.</P>
            </FAMILYMEMBER>
            <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="BROTHER">
                <CHRONSTRUCT><CHRONPROSE><NAME>Harold O’Neil</NAME> </CHRONPROSE><DATERANGE FROM="1886-01-16" TO="1901" CERTAINTY="AFTER" EXACT="FROM">(16 January 1886 – after 1901)</DATERANGE></CHRONSTRUCT>
            </FAMILYMEMBER>
            <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="SISTER">
                <CHRONSTRUCT><CHRONPROSE><NAME>Florence Edith O’Neil</NAME> </CHRONPROSE><DATERANGE FROM="1888-03-20" TO="1920" CERTAINTY="AFTER" EXACT="FROM">(20 March 1888 – after 1920): m. Frank Kenny Moore</DATERANGE></CHRONSTRUCT>
            </FAMILYMEMBER>
            <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="BROTHER">
                <CHRONSTRUCT><CHRONPROSE><NAME>Sydney Charles O’Neil</NAME> </CHRONPROSE><DATERANGE FROM="1889-02-09" TO="1919" CERTAINTY="AFTER" EXACT="FROM">(9 February 1889 – after 1919): m. Esmeralda Charlotte Jolley, of the Jolley Motors Company</DATERANGE></CHRONSTRUCT>
            </FAMILYMEMBER>
            <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="BROTHER">
                <CHRONSTRUCT><CHRONPROSE><NAME>Robert Charles O’Neil</NAME> </CHRONPROSE><DATERANGE FROM="1890-02-18" TO="1891" CERTAINTY="AFTER" EXACT="FROM">(18 February 1890 – after 1891)</DATERANGE></CHRONSTRUCT>
            </FAMILYMEMBER>
            <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="BROTHER">
                <CHRONSTRUCT><CHRONPROSE><NAME>Leon Stanley Livernois</NAME> (step-brother) </CHRONPROSE><DATERANGE FROM="1890-11-24" TO="1918-10-28">(24 November 1890 – 28 October 1918): m. Loretta Kennedy</DATERANGE></CHRONSTRUCT>
               <P>Leon was a barrister.</P>
            </FAMILYMEMBER>
            <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="BROTHER">
                <CHRONSTRUCT><CHRONPROSE><NAME>Thomas O’Neil</NAME> </CHRONPROSE><DATERANGE FROM="1894-06-05" TO="1920" CERTAINTY="AFTER" EXACT="FROM">(5 June 1894 – after 1920): m. Mary Gladys Moore</DATERANGE></CHRONSTRUCT>
               <P>Thomas was an accountant and secretary-treasurer of Jolley Motors Company.</P>
            </FAMILYMEMBER>
            <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="BROTHER">
                <CHRONSTRUCT><CHRONPROSE><NAME>James Gerald O’Neil</NAME> (half-brother) </CHRONPROSE><DATERANGE FROM="1899-06-05" TO="1983">(5 June 1899 – 1983)</DATERANGE></CHRONSTRUCT>
               <P>James was a reporter in Hamilton in his youth, and later was a telegraph editor, city editor, managing editor, and editor-in-chief at the Hamilton <TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Spectator</TITLE> for over 50 years.</P>
            </FAMILYMEMBER>
            <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="HUSBAND">
                <CHRONSTRUCT><CHRONPROSE>Spouse: <NAME>Dr. Robert Tait McKenzie</NAME> </CHRONPROSE><DATERANGE FROM="1867-05-26" TO="1938-04-28">(26 May 1867 – 28 April 1938)</DATERANGE></CHRONSTRUCT>
                <HEADING SUBTYPE="5">Marriage: </HEADING>
                <CHRONSTRUCT><DATE VALUE="1907-08-18">18 August 1907, </DATE><CHRONPROSE><PLACE>Dublin, Ireland</PLACE> </CHRONPROSE> </CHRONSTRUCT>
               <P>Robert Tait McKenzie, called “Tait,” was born in 1867 in Almonte, ON, to Scottish immigrants William McKenzie (d. c1876), a minister of the Free Church of Scotland, and Catherine Shiells. Tait attended high school in Almonte, followed by further schooling at the Collegiate Institute in Ottawa, a BA from McGill, and an MPE (Master of Physical Education) from Springfield College in Massachusetts. In the late 1890s and early twentieth century, following work as a surgeon at Montreal General Hospital, he held various instructor positions at McGill University, Harvard University, and the University of Pennsylvania.</P>
               <P>Following his 1907 wedding to Ethel O’Neil (1878-1952), Tait took up sculpting in earnest, only breaking from it temporarily during the First World War, when he served overseas in the Royal Army Medical Corps. Returning to Philadelphia after the war, Tait excelled in his artistic pursuits, finding opportunity to exhibit his pieces internationally. His most renowned works, housed in the Canadian Parliament and in London, feature political subjects.</P>
               <P>During the last few years of his life, Tait dedicated much of his time to converting an old mill into a vacation residence in his hometown of Almonte. Tait died in Philadelphia in 1938 and was buried there, at Saint Peter’s Episcopal Church. His Almonte home later became the Tait McKenzie Memorial Museum.<BIBCITS><BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:96efba82-48ec-4a60-960e-87fbb94c535e"/></BIBCITS></P>
            </FAMILYMEMBER>
        </FAMILY>
        <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Religion</HEADING>
        <CULTURALFORMATION>
            <RELIGION>
                <DENOMINATION>Episcopalian</DENOMINATION>
            </RELIGION>
        </CULTURALFORMATION>
        <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Residences</HEADING>
        <RESIDENCEANDMOBILITY RELATIONTO="LIVED">
           <P><PLACE>Almonte, ON (summers)</PLACE></P>
           <P><PLACE>Berlin, Germany</PLACE> <DATE VALUE="1907">(Summer 1907)</DATE></P>
           <P><PLACE>England and British Isles</PLACE> <DATERANGE FROM="1920" TO="1929">(1920s)</DATERANGE></P>
           <P><PLACE>Hamilton, ON</PLACE> <DATERANGE FROM="1878" TO="1907">(1878-1907)</DATERANGE></P>
           <P><PLACE>Philadelphia, PA</PLACE> <DATERANGE FROM="1907" TO="1952">(1907-1952)</DATERANGE></P>
        </RESIDENCEANDMOBILITY>
        <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Education</HEADING>
        <EDUCATION MODE="INSTITUTIONAL">
           <P>Hamilton Collegiate Institute</P>
        </EDUCATION>
        <EDUCATION MODE="INSTITUTIONAL">
           <P>Hamilton Conservatory of Music School</P>
        </EDUCATION>
        <EDUCATION MODE="INSTITUTIONAL">
           <P>Clavier Piano School, New York City</P>
        </EDUCATION>
        <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Awards</HEADING>
        <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Employment and Volunteer Activities</HEADING>
        <OCCUPATION>
            <HEADING SUBTYPE="3">Employment</HEADING>
           <P>Concert pianist</P>
           <P>Music Teacher, Clavier Piano School, New York City <DATE VALUE="1903">(1903)</DATE></P>
           <P>Music Teacher, Virgil Piano School</P>
            <HEADING SUBTYPE="3">Unpaid and volunteer work</HEADING>
           <P>Board member, Animal Rescue League</P>
           <P>Board member, Society of Ancient Musical Instruments</P>
           <P>Board member, Society of Contemporary Music</P>
           <P>Chair of Music, Science Hill School, Kentucky <DATERANGE FROM="1904" TO="1907">(1904-1907)</DATERANGE></P>
           <P>Chairman, Public Health Committee, Civic Club, Philadelphia <DATERANGE FROM="1908" TO="1912">(1908-1912)</DATERANGE></P>
            <HEADING SUBTYPE="3">Memberships</HEADING>
           <P>Acorn Club</P>
           <P>Animal Rescue League</P>
           <P>Art Alliance (Philadelphia)</P>
           <P>League of American Pen Women</P>
           <P>Poetry Society of America</P>
           <P>Sedgeley Club</P>
           <P>Society of Ancient Musical Instruments</P>
           <P>Society of Contemporary Music</P>
        </OCCUPATION>
        <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Archival Holdings</HEADING>
        <LISTBIBCIT>
            <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:03c8357e-7ce9-437f-93bc-41cdeaeaf532"><XREF URL="http://data2.archives.ca/pdf/pdf001/p000000687.pdf" RESP="KME">Ethel O'Neil McKenzie fonds</XREF>, Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa, ON (scrapbook)</BIBCIT>
            <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:3be78882-a91e-432d-84a6-d3f250cc9457"><XREF URL="http://www.archives.upenn.edu/faids/upt/upt50/mckenzie_rt.html" RESP="KME">R. Tait (Robert Tait) McKenzie Papers 1880-1940</XREF>, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (photographs and papers)</BIBCIT>
        </LISTBIBCIT>
        <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Published Resources</HEADING>
        <LISTBIBCIT>
            <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:37123691-0dd4-45d3-861a-c1446e7220fe">1860 United States Federal Census.</BIBCIT>
            <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:b87ed8a0-3329-4a4f-9ca4-7c519be7e90f">1881 Census of Canada.</BIBCIT>
            <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:7d1e2312-7dbe-488f-b33f-b3bef5df833f">1891 Census of Canada.</BIBCIT>
            <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:ceb9692a-ca45-445b-ae6f-23563dae68b5">1910 United States Federal Census.</BIBCIT>
            <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:7f2c7860-cec6-47b6-b96b-537ac507b183">1920 United States Federal Census.</BIBCIT>
            <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:cf2e8c04-220e-44d8-9242-caac1657bc1b">Border Crossings: From Canada to U.S., 1895-1956.</BIBCIT>
            <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:8974937c-a2c3-432f-bbe4-a79e1a6a2d44">Canada, City and Area Directories, 1819-1906.</BIBCIT>
            <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:8ccbe257-87de-44cb-a629-dc18a13f3326">Tunnell, Arthur L. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">The Canadian Who’s Who: A Handbook of Canadian Biography of Living Characters</TITLE>. Vol. 3: 1938-39 (Toronto: Trans-Canada, 1939).</BIBCIT>
            <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:b124264b-176e-42cd-96f8-223fafc07e5f"><XREF URL="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&amp;GRid=28036523&amp;ref=acom"><TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">Ethel O’Neil McKenzie.</TITLE></XREF> <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Find A Grave</TITLE>. Web. 22 December 2015.</BIBCIT>
            <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:fae4c1da-b3b1-42df-91cf-6f48c0e8bf67"><TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">The Home Life of the McKenzies.</TITLE> <TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">The Journal of Health and Physical Education</TITLE> 15.1 (February 1944): 72-74.</BIBCIT>
            <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:f04fd540-e3a9-4821-a5ed-bfa459a5c9ee">Kozar, Andrew J. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">R. Tait McKenzie: The Sculptor of Athletes</TITLE> (Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1975).</BIBCIT>
            <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:b5088b45-fd92-49bd-84b7-e77296c3bb44">Leonard, John William. <XREF URL="https://archive.org/details/womanswhoswhoofa00leon" RESP="KME"><TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Woman's Who's Who Of America: A Biographical Dictionary of Contemporary Women of the United States and Canada, 1914-15</TITLE></XREF> (New York: American Commonwealth, 1914): 524.</BIBCIT>
            <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:15f27dd3-71e2-44c8-804e-f8e1fb758195">Marshall, Elizabeth J., and Harriet B. Cooper, eds. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Who’s Who and What They Do</TITLE> (Philadelphia, PA: National League of American Pen Women, Philadelphia Branch, 1930).</BIBCIT>
            <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:64463391-79e0-4f94-8e29-c231d98911af">McGill, Jean. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">The Joy of Effort: A Biography of R. Tait McKenzie</TITLE> (Bewdley, ON: Clay, 1980).</BIBCIT>
            <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:96efba82-48ec-4a60-960e-87fbb94c535e"><TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">McKenzie, Robert Tait,</TITLE> <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Creative Canada: A Biographical Dictionary of Creative and Performing Artists</TITLE>. Vol. 2 (Victoria, BC: U of Victoria, McPherson Library, 1972).</BIBCIT>
            <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:598f5bba-3e97-4c7c-bf1d-91a2a3ab9097">New York, State Census, 1875.</BIBCIT>
            <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:5763e19f-e388-4410-94f9-caeef9bd2cc3">Ontario, Canada Births, 1869-1913.</BIBCIT>
            <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:11c5025a-1613-48c6-87b5-48f55ac760a4">Ontario, Canada, Deaths, 1869-1938 and Deaths Overseas, 1939-1947.</BIBCIT>
            <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:f14d1e5d-41db-48d6-8764-d7e45dd007c1">Pennsylvania, Death Certificates, 1906-1963.</BIBCIT>
            <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:7a8f84be-3bf7-4413-93ce-fa13daa9ebf3">U.S. City Directories, 1821-1989.</BIBCIT>
            <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:d6b30bf6-570d-4d6c-af87-4281a0cbae51">Watters, R.E. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">A Checklist of Canadian Literature and Background Materials 1628-1960</TITLE>. 1959 (Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1972): 128.</BIBCIT>
            <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:2956bd6c-e5e8-4fbc-818e-e345552b81a2"><TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Who Was Who Among North American Authors, 1921-1939</TITLE>. 2 vols. (Detroit, MI: Gale, 1976): 936.</BIBCIT>
        </LISTBIBCIT>
    </ENTRY>
</CWRC>
