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                <title xml:lang="en-CA" level="m" type="main">Regenerations</title>
                <title xml:lang="en-CA" level="m" type="sub">Canadian Women's Writing</title>
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                <title xml:lang="fr-CA" level="m" type="sub">Écriture des femmes au Canada</title>
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                    <forename>Marrie</forename>
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                    <orgName role="publisher">Canadian Writing Research Collaboratory</orgName>
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                    <p>Copyright © 2015 The University of Alberta Press</p>
                    <p>All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise) without prior written consent. Contact the University of Alberta Press for further details.</p>
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                    <bibl> <title level="a" type="main">Preface/Préface</title> <author rend="bold"><forename>Marie</forename> <surname>Carrière</surname></author> &amp; <author rend="bold"><forename>Patricia</forename> <surname>Demers</surname></author> </bibl>
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                        <head>Au Fil de la Narration</head>
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                            <title level="a" type="main">Au fill de la narration et des générations</title>
                            <author>
                                <forename>Nicole</forename>
                                <surname>Brossard</surname>
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                        <bibl>
                            <title level="a" type="main">Women Who Invite Collaboration</title>
                            <title type="sub">Caroline Bergvall, Erín Moure, et al.</title>
                            <author>
                                <forename>Susan</forename>
                                <surname>Rudy</surname>
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                            <title level="a" type="main">A Modernist Commons in Canada/Une commune moderniste au Canada</title>
                            <author>
                                <forename>Dean</forename>
                                <surname>Irvine</surname>
                            </author>
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                        <bibl><title level="a" type="main">L'apport du concept d'ontologie informatique à l'étude de l'histoire littéraire des femmes au XIXe siècle</title> <author><forename>Chantal</forename> <surname>Savoie</surname></author> &amp; <author><forename>Julie</forename> <surname>Roy</surname></author></bibl>
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                        <head>Back to the Future</head>
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                            <title level="a" type="main">Reclaiming the Past, Nurturing the Future</title>
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                                <forename>Rosemary</forename>
                                <surname>Sullivan</surname>
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                            <title level="a" type="main">Du métaféminisme et des histoires au féminin</title>
                            <author>
                                <forename>Marie</forename>
                                <surname>Carrière</surname>
                            </author>
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                            <title level="a" type="main">Gothic Romance in Quebec</title>
                            <title type="sub">Engaging English and French in Nineteenth-Century English-Canadian Fiction by Women</title>
                            <author>
                                <forename>Lindsay</forename>
                                <surname>McMaster</surname>
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                            <title level="a" type="main">Readers Reading Margaret Laurence, 1965–1980</title>
                            <author>
                                <forename>Cinda</forename>
                                <surname>Gault</surname>
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                        <head>Des contextes minoritaires</head>
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                            <title level="a" type="main">Être écrivaine en contexte minoritaire franco-canadien (1970–1985)</title>
                            <author>
                                <forename>Lucie</forename>
                                <surname>Hotte</surname>
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                            <title level="a" type="main">Crooked Ribs, Modern Martyrs, and Dull Days</title>
                            <title type="sub">Recovering Hidden Prince Edward Island Women through Their Life Writing</title>
                            <author>
                                <forename>Mary</forename>
                                <surname>McDonald-Rissanen</surname>
                            </author>
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                            <title level="a" type="main">Common Measure</title>
                            <title type="sub">“Folk Poetry” and the Scandal of Canadian Literature</title>
                            <author>
                                <forename>Gary</forename>
                                <surname>Kelly</surname>
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                            <title level="a" type="main">Recuperating Oblivion in <title level="m">The Displaced View (1988)</title></title>
                            <title type="sub">Midi Onodera’s Intercultural Feminist Experimental Cinematic Polyphony</title>
                            <author>
                                <forename>Sheena</forename>
                                <surname>Wilson</surname>
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                        <head>Women in Movement</head>
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                            <title level="a" type="main">Publishing and Women in Movement</title>
                            <title type="sub">Changing the Game</title>
                            <author>
                                <forename>Louise</forename>
                                <surname>Dennys</surname>
                            </author>
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                            <title level="a" type="main">"To Get In Behind the Curtain"</title>
                            <title type="sub">Miriam Green Ellis’s Travels and Tales</title>
                            <author>
                                <forename>Patricia</forename>
                                <surname>Demers</surname>
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                            <title level="a" type="main">Catherine Mavrikakis</title>
                            <title type="sub">La force de penser (chaque jour)</title>
                            <author>
                                <forename>Maïté</forename>
                                <surname>Snauwaert</surname>
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                            <title level="a" type="main">This is What a Public Intellectual Looks Like</title>
                            <title type="sub">Dorothy Livesay’s Housewife Years and the Public Sphere</title>
                            <author>
                                <forename>Shauna</forename>
                                <surname>Lancit</surname>
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                    <bibl><title level="a" type="main">Afterword</title> <author>Susan Brown</author> &amp; <author><forename>Mary-Jo</forename> <surname>Romaniuk</surname></author></bibl>
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                <head>Preface / <hi xml:lang="fr-CA">Préface</hi></head>
                <docAuthor>
                    <persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/120027154" cert="high">marie carrière</persName>
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                <docAuthor>
                    <persName ref=" http://viaf.org/viaf/56665698" cert="high">patricia demers</persName>
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                    <ref target="#women_writing"><ref target="#genre_scholarlyWriting"><hi rend="italic" xml:lang="fr-CA">Ce que les femmes de chaque génération ont eu à dire et à transmettre</hi>: with brilliant succinctness in her contribution to this volume, <persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/7387642" cert="high">Nicole Brossard</persName> enunciates the scope of this collection. These essays are revised versions of papers delivered at the <listEvent> <event> <label>Canadian Women Writers Conference/<hi xml:lang="fr-CA">Colloque écritures des femmes au <placeName ref="http://www.geonames.org/6251999" cert="high">Canada</placeName></hi></label> </event> </listEvent>, held at <orgName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/147166987" cert="high">the University of <placeName ref="http://www.geonames.org/5883102" cert="high">Alberta</placeName></orgName> <date when="2010">in fall 2010</date></ref>. <ref target="#collaboration">Seeing, hearing, discovering, and recovering the words of Canadian women writers comprised its exciting prospect. Realizing that this material—from the <date from="1800" to="2000">nineteenth century to the present</date>—continues to link and connect, and toggles back and forth across centuries and languages, has been one of the delights of our collaborative work of selection and positioning.</ref></ref>
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                    <ref target="#women_writing"><hi xml:lang="fr-CA">Relier, (em)brancher, rapprocher, ce ne sont que quelques mots pour évoquer plus généralement les trajectoires possibles rassemblant tout autant dans la similarité que la différence l’écriture des femmes et la critique féministe au <placeName ref="http://www.geonames.org/6251999" cert="high">Canada</placeName> et au <placeName ref="http://www.geonames.org/6115047" cert="high">Québec</placeName>. <ref target="#collaboration"><ref target="#social_movement">Quant à elle, l’écriture au féminin s’est très souvent voulue un mode de partages, de collaborations et de traductions, ainsi que de nouvelles approches poétiques et théoriques. Elle se situe aux confins de divers mouvements intellectuels et sociaux, notamment féministes et transculturels. Que ces pensées portent sur la prise de parole, le genre et la différence sexuelle, ou le soi et l’autre, l’écriture — celle d’hier comme celle d’aujourd’hui — les enchâsse, les remet en cause et, peut-être avant tout, ose les imaginer autrement</ref></ref></hi>.</ref>
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                <p xml:id="p2">
                    <ref target="#women_writing"><ref target="#technology"><ref target="#genre_scholarlyWriting">Essay collections that treat Canadian women’s writing in relation to literary history and digital scholarship, and with a multicultural and bilingual scope, have been close to non-existent, with the exception of <persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/67996917" cert="high">Barbara Godard</persName>’s <title level="m">Gynocritics/<hi xml:lang="fr-CA">La gynocritique</hi>: Feminist Approaches to Canadian and <placeName ref="http://www.geonames.org/6115047" cert="high">Quebec</placeName> Women’s Writing/<hi xml:lang="fr-CA">Approches féministes à l’écriture des canadiennes et québécoises</hi></title>(<date when="1987" cert="high">1987</date>)</ref>. Historical, monolingual feminist collections, <title level="m">A Mazing Space: Writing Canadian Women Writing</title> (<date when="1986" cert="high">1986</date>) and <title level="m">Reimagining Women: Representations of Women in Culture</title> (<date when="1993" cert="high">1993</date>), both of which emerged from pre-digital-age <listEvent> <event> <label>conferences also held at <orgName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/147166987" cert="high">the University of <placeName ref="http://www.geonames.org/5883102" cert="high">Alberta</placeName></orgName></label> </event> </listEvent>, set impressive benchmarks.</ref><ref target="#collaboration"><ref target="#technology"> <ref target="#theme_or_topic"><hi xml:lang="fr-CA">Nous présentons notre ouvrage dans l’espoir d’amplifier et d’enrichir cette tradition. Selon nous, le temps s’annonce bien pour un recueil bilingue abordant les nouvelles formes de collaboration et de recherche numériques et concevant d’une manière innovatrice l’histoire littéraire canadienne façonnée par la recherche féministe. C’est ce que tente précisément de faire le présent volume collectif</hi></ref></ref></ref>.</ref>
                </p>
                <p xml:id="p3">With the keynote speakers’ addresses serving as touchstones to the chapters in each thematic section, what has emerged as most invigorating is the ways in which the chapters speak to one another, disregarding discursive divisions and time frames. <ref target="#technology">Consider how the range of digital media allows us to see, hear, and connect Canadian women writers, their work, and the scholarly attention they attract. <hi xml:lang="fr-CA">Plusieurs études de cet ouvrage démontrent que l’environnement électronique se propose non seulement comme un moyen de communication à la fine pointe, mais comme un véritable mécanisme de récupération et d’analyse de textes dont la place n’a pas toujours été dûment accordée par l’histoire littéraire</hi>. <ref target="#genre_poetry"><ref target="#technology"><persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/51948730" cert="medium">Susan Rudy</persName>’s examination of the stimulating workspaces of poet-investigators <persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/63155325" cert="high">Caroline Bergvall</persName> and <persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/22186962" cert="high">Erin Moure</persName> opens up the field of collaboration for performance art as well as poetry so that online communication, brimming with potentiality, creates and even alters knowledge.</ref></ref> <ref target="#technology"><persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/56891114" cert="high">Dean Irvine</persName>’s collaborative, nationwide project of Canadian modernism illustrates the sociality of the digital commons. For <persName ref="ttp://viaf.org/viaf/125077482" cert="high">Maïté Snauwaert</persName>, the blogs, e-books, and alternative radio broadcasts of <persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/33131412" cert="high">Catherine Mavrikakis</persName> provide an entry point to the changing quotidian scene in which dreams themselves contribute to a kind of fugitive reality.</ref> <ref target="#non-book_media">Analyzing the intercultural film techniques of <persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/102848858" cert="high">Midi Onodera</persName> allows <persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/55491034" cert="high">Sheena Wilson</persName> to comment on Japanese-Canadian history, displacement, and redress by offering a new vision of imagining her-stories.</ref></ref></p>
                <p xml:id="p4">
                    <ref target="#non-book_media">Paper and broadcast media are full of insights into other historical periods while they also link past and present writers and questions.</ref>
                    <ref target="#women_writing"><hi xml:lang="fr-CA">Les voix féminines, connues et moins connues, dans les médias, la presse et le journal intime, par exemple, ne sont pas toujours immédiatement visibles, si on s’en tient aux modalités habituelles de nos histoires littéraires consacrées</hi>. <ref target="#non-book_media"><persName>Shauna Lancit</persName>’s consideration of <persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/116854541" cert="high">Dorothy Livesay’s</persName> <orgName sameAs="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation" ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/124250538" cert="high"><hi rend="small-caps">CBC</hi></orgName> radio show of the <date when="1950" cert="high">1950s</date>, <title level="m">Critically Speaking</title>, prompts readers to connect this language of the social—with the housewife as a public intellectual—to <persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/56891114" cert="high">Irvine</persName>’s larger project of the sociality of the commons.</ref> <ref target="#genre_lifeWriting">Manuscript diaries, notebooks, and unpublished fiction supply platforms for <persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/305358828" cert="high">Mary McDonald-Rissanen</persName>, <persName ref=" http://viaf.org/viaf/110237888" cert="high">Gary Kelly</persName>, and <persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/56665698" cert="high">Patricia Demers</persName> to probe the lives of women writers often neglected in academic discourse and literary history and, in the process, to interrogate the exclusivity of our understanding of authorship and readership.</ref></ref>
                </p>
                <p xml:id="p5">Writers and readers, we are reminded through the contributions of <persName ref=" http://viaf.org/viaf/36720142" cert="high">Lindsey McMaster</persName> and <persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/33915041" cert="high">Cinda Gault</persName>, live in interconnected worlds. <hi xml:lang="fr-CA">Certains points de convergence culturels et idéologiques mis en œuvre par ces deux études ne sont pas sans nous rappeler les liens rapprochant écriture et lecture au féminin, et cela par rapport aux deux contextes langagiers représentés dans ce recueil</hi>. <ref target="#nationality_issue">While <persName ref=" http://viaf.org/viaf/36720142" cert="high">McMaster</persName> returns to nineteenth-century English-Canadian writers, whose divided heroines identify with French <placeName ref="http://www.geonames.org/6251999" cert="high">Canada</placeName>, to reflect the emerging nation’s inner conflicts, <persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/33915041" cert="high">Gault</persName> concentrates on critical response to <persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/44317974" cert="high">Margaret Laurence</persName>’s protagonists as representations of unresolved tensions between nationalists and feminists.</ref> <ref target="#social_movement"><persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/120027154" cert="high">Marie Carrière</persName>’s analysis of metafeminism captures its range and vacillating connections to second-wave feminism through the work of <persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/51711659" cert="high">Hélène Dorion</persName>, <persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/59363153" cert="high">Flora Balzano</persName>, and <persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/37158276" cert="high">Nadine Bismuth</persName>.</ref></p>
                <p xml:id="p6">
                    <ref target="#technology">The material conditions of production influence how writers do their work and how, in the digital age, we can access and discuss it. <ref target="#archive"><persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/105437213" cert="high">Chantal Savoie</persName> and <persName ref=" http://viaf.org/viaf/83594244" cert="medium">Julie Roy</persName>’s retrieved historical archive of women’s contributions to the periodical press in <date from="1800" to="1900">nineteenth-century</date> <placeName ref="http://www.geonames.org/6115047" cert="high">Quebec</placeName> is one model of archival retrieval.</ref> <ref target="#economics"><persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/32220127" cert="high">Lucie Hotte</persName>’s investigation of the link between provincial funding, critical reception, and francophone women’s writing in <placeName ref="http://www.geonames.org/6087430" cert="high">New Brunswick</placeName>, <placeName ref="http://www.geonames.org/6065171" cert="high">Manitoba</placeName>, and especially <placeName ref="http://www.geonames.org/6093943" cert="high">Ontario</placeName> in the pivotal period of the <date when="1970" cert="high">1970s</date> and <date when="1980" cert="high">1980s</date> is another. </ref><hi xml:lang="fr-CA"><ref target="#women_writing"><ref target="#technology">Ces chercheures nous font voir l’importance, voire la nécessité, d’une relecture de textes au féminin, notamment par l’utilisation de la technologie numérique.</ref></ref> <ref target="#response_re-evaluation">Cette relecture est souple et ouverte, d’où l’histoire de nos littératures et de leur réception critique divulgue ses lacunes et son inachèvement</ref></hi>.</ref>
                </p>
                <p xml:id="p7">
                    <ref target="#economics">Material and cultural conditions are intricately interrelated. As <persName>Louise Dennys</persName> and <persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/7436967" cert="high">Rosemary Sullivan</persName> disclose, they affect career trajectories. Witness the tough battles <persName>Dennys</persName> faced in the colonial power structure of the Canadian publishing industry in the <date when="1970" cert="high">1970s</date>, now transfigured by the prominence of literary voices from the old colonial margins.</ref>
                    <ref target="#education">In a comparable sequence, <persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/7436967" cert="high">Sullivan</persName>’s remarkable achievement as a biographer of <persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/46814469" cert="medium">Elizabeth Smart</persName>, <persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/115290827" cert="high">Gwendolyn MacEwen</persName>, and <persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/109322990" cert="high">Margaret Atwood</persName> fuels her dedication to creative writing programs in Canadian universities, as new incarnations of an old atelier model.</ref>
                </p>
                <p xml:id="p8">
                    <ref target="#women_writing"><hi xml:lang="fr-CA">Dans ce recueil collectif, des générations d’écrivaines se croisent et s’entrecroisent. <q><hi rend="italic">Lorsque je fais le tour de ma bibliothèque, je fais le tour de ma vie dans laquelle des femmes, des écrivaines, des amies ont constitué des temps forts dans mon existence</hi></q>, témoigne encore <persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/7387642" cert="high">Nicole Brossard</persName> dans les pages qui suivent. Ce sont les mouvements esthétiques et intellectuels qu’ont propagés ou desquels ont émergé ces femmes, ce sont les langues, les pratiques et les idées circulant en elles et à travers elles qui continuent à produire les temps forts de l’écriture des femmes et la critique féministe au <placeName ref="http://www.geonames.org/6251999" cert="high">Canada</placeName> et au <placeName ref="http://www.geonames.org/6115047" cert="high">Québec</placeName>. À les constituer dans leurs spécificités multiples et leurs trames pluridimensionnelles</hi>.</ref>
                </p>
                <div type="section">
                    <head>Works Cited</head>
                    <listBibl>
                        <bibl><persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/67996917" cert="high">Godard, Barbara</persName>, ed. <title level="m">Gynocritics/<hi xml:lang="fr-CA">La gynocritique</hi>: Feminist Approaches to Canadian and <placeName ref="http://www.geonames.org/6115047" cert="high">Quebec</placeName> Women’s Writing/<hi xml:lang="fr-CA">Approches féministes à l’écriture des canadiennes et québécoises</hi></title>. <placeName ref="http://www.geonames.org/6167865" cert="high">Toronto</placeName>: <orgName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/137764636" cert="high">ECW</orgName>, <date when="1987">1987</date>. Print.</bibl>
                        <bibl><persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/91929241" cert="high">Neuman, Shirley</persName>, <persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/110856904" cert="high">Glennis Stephenson</persName>, and <persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/37064336" cert="high">Glennis Byron</persName>, eds. <title level="m">Reimagining Women: Representations of Women in Culture</title>. <placeName ref="http://www.geonames.org/6167865" cert="high">Toronto</placeName>: <orgName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/126595939" cert="high">U of Toronto P</orgName>, <date when="1993">1993</date>. Print.</bibl>
                        <bibl><persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/91929241" cert="high">Neuman, Shirley</persName>, and <persName>Smaro Kamboureli</persName>, eds. <title level="m">A Mazing Space: Writing Canadian Women Writing</title>. <placeName ref="http://www.geonames.org/5946768" cert="high">Edmonton</placeName>, <placeName ref="http://www.geonames.org/5883102" sameAs="Alberta" cert="high">AB</placeName>: <orgName>Longspoon</orgName>, <date when="1986" cert="high">1986</date>. Print.</bibl>
                    </listBibl>
                </div>
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